カリフォルニア州議事堂変遷④ サクラメント【カリフォルニア#872】

❶ 旧議事堂跡

 

❷ 現在の議事堂

 

 

カリフォルニア州議事堂変遷③ ベニシア

ベニシア｜1853年～1854年

ダウンタウン、1st ストリート

現存する最古のカリフォルニア州議事堂

現物が残っていることの大切さ、すごさを感じさせる

カリフォルニア州史跡#153

 

 

 

 

 

カリフォルニア州議事堂変遷② バレーホ

バレーホ｜1851年～1852年

カリフォルニアの第二番目の首都になった場所は、バレーホの港に近い場所にあった。

1859年に焼失した後、再建はされなかった。

現在は、トランジット（バス）・ターミナルの駅舎横に記念碑がある。

Vallejo As State Capital

Vallejo was the official seat of state government from February 4, 1851 to February 4, 1852. The Capitol, shown above, within which the Legislature convened in 1852 and 1853, stood near this spot.

California Registered Historical Landmark #574

Tablet placed by Historic Landmark Committee. 

Native Sons of the Golden West

September 9, 1938

Vallejo Celebrates its Downtown History

STATE CAPITOL BUILDING

The California Legislature convened in Vallejo for the first time on January 5, 1852 in a capitol building near the corner of York and Sacramento Streets, but left after just one week due to primitive conditions in the young city. The legisla ture returned briefly in 1853, then moved to Benicia. Vallejo's capitol building wa destroyed by fire in 1859.

***

カリフォルニア州議事堂変遷① サンノゼ

サンノゼのダウンタウンの中心プラザ・デ・セザール・チャペス広場は、
かつて州議事堂があった場所である。

  

Directly opposite this tablet was located the
first State Capitol Building in which California’s first
legislature assembled in December 1849. San Jose was
the seat of government from 1849 to 1851.

Tablet placed by Historic Landmarks Committee
Native Son's of the Golden West

1923

このタブレットのちょうど反対側には、最初の州都ビルがあって、そこで、1849年12月にカリフォルニア州で初の議会が招集された。サンノゼは1849年～1851年のあいだ、州政府の所在地であった。

タブレットは、歴史ランドマーク委員会、

Native Son's of the Golden Westによって設置された

1923

(Marker Number 461.)

 

First State Capitol

The first California State Legislature met on this site in 1849. San Jose was designated State Capital at the Constitutional Convention in Monterey after intensive lobbying by local representatives. The town made every effort to accommodate the Legislature, but the statehouse could not be readied on time, hotel facilities were inadequate, and an unusually wet winter caused flooding, making downtown streets impassable. The behavior of the legislators themselves earned the 1849 session the title “The Legislature of 1000 Drinks,” This inauspicious start, and pressure from communities eager to gain the status of capital for themselves, led to the legislators decision to move to Vallejo following their second and final meeting in San Jose in 1851.

第一の州議事堂

第一回目のカリフォルニア州議会が1849年にこの場所で開催された。サンノゼは、強烈な地元議員によるロビー活動によって、モントレーでの憲法会議で州都に指定された。この町は議会を収容するためのあらゆる努力を行ったが、州議事堂の準備は予定には間に合わず、ホテル施設は不十分で、いつになく雨の多い冬のため洪水が発生し、ダウンタウンの通りは通行不能になった。立法者たちの行為から、1849年の会期には、「The Legislature of 1000 Drinks」というタイトルが付けられた。この不運な始まりと、自分たちのために州都のステータスを熱心に得ようとするコミュニティからの圧力は、サンノゼで1851年に開催された第二回かつ最後の議会の後、バレーホに移転するという、立法者たちの決定につながった。

San Jose History Walk. (Marker Number 3.)

 

美術館前の空間、サークル・オブ・ザ・パームズ広場には、州の印章が埋め込まれてる。

カリフォルニア州憲法制定会議【カリフォルニア#126】

カリフォルニア州憲法制定会議は、1949年9月に、モントレーのコルトン・ホール（Colton Hall）で行われた。

モントレー歴史年表｜コルトン・ホール前

カリフォルニア州憲法制定が行われたコルトン・ホールの前にあるフレンドリー・プラザ公園を横切るレンガ造りの歩道には、モントレーの歴史を刻んだプレートが埋め込まれている

モントレーは、カリフォルニアがアメリカ合衆国の31番目の州になるまでは、スペイン領やメキシコ領としてのアルタ・カリフォルニア（Alta California）の中心地として栄えた。

 

Monterey History Time Line

モントレー歴史年表

The Ancient Ones

Native Americans of this region lived in Monterey 

for thousands of years before Spanish explores 

arrived in California.

古代

スペイン人探検家がカリフォルニアに到着する前は、

モントレー地域には数千年にわたり

先住民が住んでいた

1542

First Recorded Sighting of Monterey Bay

Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo, a Portuguese navigator
sailing for Spain, sights Monterey and names it
“Baia de los Pinos.” Bay of the Pines.

1542年

モントレー湾、記録上初めて目撃される

1602

Port of Monterey Named

Sebastian Vizcaino, a Spanish explorer, anchors in the bay and names it Monterey, in honor of Gaspar de Zuniga y Azevedo, the Count of Monte Rey, Viceroy of New Spain and sponsor of the expedition.

1602年

モントレー港を命名

1770

Spanish Expedition Claims Monterey

Captain Don Gaspar de Portola reaches Monterey on his second land expedition. Father Junipero Serra arrives by ship. Together they claim Monterey for Spain and establish the Mission and Presidio of San Carlos Borromeo de Monterey.

1770年

スペインの探検隊がモントレーの権利を主張

1775

Spanish Capital Moves to Monterey

The provincial capital moves from Loreto, Mexico to Monterey.

1775年

スペインの州都をモントレーに移転

1776

Arrival of de Anza Expedition

After a 2,200-mile trek from Tubac, Mexico leading 240 colonists, Captain Juan Bautista de Anza arrives in Monterey.

1776年

アンザ探検隊の到着

1793-94

El Castillo

A Spanish military fortification is constructed on an ancient Native American village site overlooking Monterey’s harbor.

1793～94年

要塞

1794

Royal Presidio Chapel

The oldest building in Monterey, this is now the San Carlos Catherdral.

1794年

プレシディオの王室礼拝堂

1804

California Divided

Alta California is divided from Baja California and Monterey is named the captial of Alta California; it remains under Spanish jurisdiction.

1804年

カリフォルニアが南北に分かれる

1818

Monterey Captured

During the Spanish-American wars of independence, Hippolyte de Bouchard, a Frenchman commanding an Argentinean privateer, lands and captures Monterey, driving the Spanish defenders inland. After ransacking the town, Bouchard and his men sail down the coast continuing their attacks at several ports.

1818年

モントレーが占領される

1822

The Hide and Tallow Trade

Ships from Boston begin arriving to purchase hides, often called “California banknotes”, and tallow from missions and ranchos. Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana leaves us a grand description of this trade.

1822

獣皮と獣脂の交易

1822

Mexican Independence From Spain

California acknowledges Mexico’s independence from Spain, which was declared in 1821. Monterey remains capital of Alta California under Mexican

1822

メキシコがスペインから独立

1827

A Mountain Man Jailed in Monterey

Jedediah Strong Smith, a mountain man and beaver trapper, opened the first American overland route to California in 1826. The following year the Mexican government jailed him in Monterey because they thought he was a spy.

1827

モントレーでマウンテンマンが拘置される

1827

Custom House

One portion of this building was constructed by the Mexican government for the collection of duties from foreign shipping. After the United States takes California, the American government expands the building and operates it as a United States Customs House until 1867. It is the oldest U.S. government building in California.

1827

税関

1828

Port of Entry

Monterey is designated as the only port of entry for Alta California. All foreign ships must have their cargoes inspected at the Custom House and pay import taxes.

1828

通関港（入国港）

1842

California Mistakenly Claimed for the United States

Believing that the United States is at war with Mexico, Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, Commander of the American Pacific Squadron, captures Monterey and claims California for the United States. When he discovers this mistake, he apologizes and sails away.

1842

カリフォルニアが誤ってアメリカの領土として主張される

1846

American Flag Raised at Monterey

With the outbreak of hostilities with Mexico, Commodore John Drake Sloat, as commander of the Pacific fleet, raises the

1846

モントレーでアメリカの国旗が掲揚される

1846

First Newspaper is Established in Monterey

Robert Semple, participant in the Bear Flag Revolt and later President of the California Constitutional Convention, and Walter Colton , Alcalde of Monterey, establish the first newspaper in California, The Californian.

1846

初の新聞がモントレーで設立される

1848

Gold Discovered

News of the discovery of gold at Coloma reaches Monterey. Many people depart for the gold fields, leaving Monterey almost abandoned.

1848

金が発見される

1849

First Post Office in California Established at Monterey

The Pacific mail steamer “California” arrived in Monterey on February 24, 1849. This exciting event brought the first mail to the first post office in California.

1849

カリフォルニアで初の郵便局がモントレーに設立される

1849

California State Constitutional Convention

Colton Hall serves as the site of the first California constitutional convention. Forty-eight delegates from ten districts in California debate for six weeks to create the state’s first constitution. This constitution was written in both Spanish and English.

1849

カリフォルニア州憲法制定会議

1849

First Public Library in California is Established at Monterey

1849

カリフォルニアで初の公立図書館がモントレーに設立される

1849

Colton Hall Completed

Walter Colton, Alcalde of Monterey, completes the construction of Colton Hall with the aid of taxes on rum, fines for gambling, and the labor of jailed offenders. It will be used as a public assembly hall and school.

1849

コルトン・ホール完成

1850

Statehood

California is admitted to the United States as the 31st state. The constitutional convention of 1849 designated San Jose as the first state capital.

1850

州昇格

The Great Seal of the State of California

カリフォルニア州の印章（Great Seal）

ここから先は、コルトン・ホール前で並ぶ方向が90度右に曲がる。プレートもデザインが新しくなっていて、後に新しく追加されたもの。

1850

City Government

On March 30, 1850, by special act of the State Legislature, it was proclaimed that “lands heretofore known and acknowledged as the Pueblo of Monterey shall henceforth be known as the City of Monterey.”

1850

市の政府

1770-1870

A City of Women

Monterey’s women of all nationalities gathered and while doing wash provided a medium of information through the “Wash Tub Mail” at Washer Women’s Gulch. It was Monterey’s women who kept the town’s businesses and commerce alive when most of the men left for the gold fields.

1770-1870

女性の都市

1851

Chinese Fisherman

Chinese immigrants arrived in Monterey and created the area’s first commercial fishing trade. By using techniques imported from Chin the innovative fishermen developed a dried-fish market which capitalized on the growing Chinese population in California and the exporting of dried-fish to China.

1851

中国人漁師

1854

Monterey Shore Whalers

Captain J.P. Davenport organized the fist shore whaling company which was followed in 1855 by seventeen Portugese (sic) fishermen who started the “Old Company.” Between 1854 and 1888, over 95,000 barrels of whale oil were produced from Monterey Bay whales.

1854

モントレー海岸捕鯨船

1859

City Lands Sold

David Jack’s acquired 30,000 acres of City of Monterey lands for $1,002.50 and became the most prosperous land baron in the city’s history. He was immortalized not with a statue but through Jack’s Peak, Jack’s Park and Monterey Jack Cheese.

1859

市の土地が売却される

1850-1880

Emporium of the Valleys

Between 1850-1880 Monterey was a commercial port and known as the “Emporium of the Salinas and Carmel Valleys.” In 1869, the Pacific Steamship Company completed a “good and substantial wharf.”

1850-1880

谷間（バレー）の商業中心地（エンポリウム）

1874

Monterey’s First Railroad

The Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad was constructed as a narrow-gauge railroad linking Monterey to the rest of California. For the first time, Monterey was easily reached by land bringing hope to Monterey’s new destiny.

1874

モントレーの初の鉄道

1874

Bohemian Monterey

World renowned artist Jules Tavernier established a studio in Monterey. A bohemian culture soon followed as Monterey became a favorite ocean-side retreat for artists and writers.

1874

ボヘミアン・モントレー

1875

Italian Fishermen

Italian Fishermen arrived in Monterey and joined the Chinese in harvesting fresh fish for shipment throughout California via the Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad. This new and important culture helped transform Monterey’s fresh-fish industry.

1875

イタリア人漁師

1879

Robert Louis Stevenson

In poor health, almost penniless and with his literary success still a few years away, Robert Louis Stevenson created a romantic view of Monterey and its surrounding area. His written and mental notes of the Monterey coastline were later used when he wrote “Treasure Island,” “Kidnapped” and “The Old Pacific Capital.”

1879

ロバート・ルイス・スティーブンソン

1880

Hotel Del Monte

Charles Crocker utilized the Southern Pacific Railroad Company’s construction arm, the Pacific Improvement Company, to rebuild Monterey’s rail service and to construct a grand hotel to exploit the beauty of Monterey Bay. The Hotel Del Monte galvanized Monterey into a world-class tourist destination. Today the former hotel and its grounds are part of the Naval Postgraduate School.

1880

ホテル・デルモンテ

(This plaque has been reordered. It is located near the Great Seal of the State of California)

The plaques recalling significant dates in Monterey’s history were installed to commemorate the Sesquicentennial of the California State Convention, held in Colton Hall between September 1, 1849 and October 13, 1849, when the constitution was signed.

City of Monterey

City Council

Colton Hall Museum and Cultural Arts Commission

Dedicated October 13, 1999

Erected 1999 by Colton Hall Museum and Cultural Arts Commission.

【資料】