カリフォルニア州憲法制定が行われたコルトン・ホールの前にあるフレンドリー・プラザ公園を横切るレンガ造りの歩道には、モントレーの歴史を刻んだプレートが埋め込まれている
モントレーは、カリフォルニアがアメリカ合衆国の31番目の州になるまでは、スペイン領やメキシコ領としてのアルタ・カリフォルニア（Alta California）の中心地として栄えた。
Monterey History Time Line
モントレー歴史年表
The Ancient Ones
Native Americans of this region lived in Monterey
for thousands of years before Spanish explores
arrived in California.
古代
スペイン人探検家がカリフォルニアに到着する前は、
モントレー地域には数千年にわたり
先住民が住んでいた
1542
First Recorded Sighting of Monterey Bay
Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo, a Portuguese navigator
sailing for Spain, sights Monterey and names it
“Baia de los Pinos.” Bay of the Pines.
sailing for Spain, sights Monterey and names it
“Baia de los Pinos.” Bay of the Pines.
1542年
モントレー湾、記録上初めて目撃される
1602
Port of Monterey Named
Sebastian Vizcaino, a Spanish explorer, anchors in the bay and names it Monterey, in honor of Gaspar de Zuniga y Azevedo, the Count of Monte Rey, Viceroy of New Spain and sponsor of the expedition.
1602年
モントレー港を命名
1770
Spanish Expedition Claims Monterey
Captain Don Gaspar de Portola reaches Monterey on his second land expedition. Father Junipero Serra arrives by ship. Together they claim Monterey for Spain and establish the Mission and Presidio of San Carlos Borromeo de Monterey.
1770年
スペインの探検隊がモントレーの権利を主張
1775
Spanish Capital Moves to Monterey
The provincial capital moves from Loreto, Mexico to Monterey.
1775年
スペインの州都をモントレーに移転
1776
Arrival of de Anza Expedition
After a 2,200-mile trek from Tubac, Mexico leading 240 colonists, Captain Juan Bautista de Anza arrives in Monterey.
1776年
アンザ探検隊の到着
1793-94
El Castillo
A Spanish military fortification is constructed on an ancient Native American village site overlooking Monterey’s harbor.
1793～94年
要塞
1794
Royal Presidio Chapel
The oldest building in Monterey, this is now the San Carlos Catherdral.
1794年
プレシディオの王室礼拝堂
1804
California Divided
Alta California is divided from Baja California and Monterey is named the captial of Alta California; it remains under Spanish jurisdiction.
1804年
カリフォルニアが南北に分かれる
1818
Monterey Captured
During the Spanish-American wars of independence, Hippolyte de Bouchard, a Frenchman commanding an Argentinean privateer, lands and captures Monterey, driving the Spanish defenders inland. After ransacking the town, Bouchard and his men sail down the coast continuing their attacks at several ports.
1818年
モントレーが占領される
1822
The Hide and Tallow Trade
Ships from Boston begin arriving to purchase hides, often called “California banknotes”, and tallow from missions and ranchos. Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana leaves us a grand description of this trade.
1822
獣皮と獣脂の交易
1822
Mexican Independence From Spain
California acknowledges Mexico’s independence from Spain, which was declared in 1821. Monterey remains capital of Alta California under Mexican
1822
メキシコがスペインから独立
1827
A Mountain Man Jailed in Monterey
Jedediah Strong Smith, a mountain man and beaver trapper, opened the first American overland route to California in 1826. The following year the Mexican government jailed him in Monterey because they thought he was a spy.
1827
モントレーでマウンテンマンが拘置される
1827
Custom House
One portion of this building was constructed by the Mexican government for the collection of duties from foreign shipping. After the United States takes California, the American government expands the building and operates it as a United States Customs House until 1867. It is the oldest U.S. government building in California.
1827
税関
1828
Port of Entry
Monterey is designated as the only port of entry for Alta California. All foreign ships must have their cargoes inspected at the Custom House and pay import taxes.
1828
通関港（入国港）
1842
California Mistakenly Claimed for the United States
Believing that the United States is at war with Mexico, Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones, Commander of the American Pacific Squadron, captures Monterey and claims California for the United States. When he discovers this mistake, he apologizes and sails away.
1842
カリフォルニアが誤ってアメリカの領土として主張される
1846
American Flag Raised at Monterey
With the outbreak of hostilities with Mexico, Commodore John Drake Sloat, as commander of the Pacific fleet, raises the
1846
モントレーでアメリカの国旗が掲揚される
1846
First Newspaper is Established in Monterey
Robert Semple, participant in the Bear Flag Revolt and later President of the California Constitutional Convention, and Walter Colton , Alcalde of Monterey, establish the first newspaper in California, The Californian.
1846
初の新聞がモントレーで設立される
1848
Gold Discovered
News of the discovery of gold at Coloma reaches Monterey. Many people depart for the gold fields, leaving Monterey almost abandoned.
1848
金が発見される
1849
First Post Office in California Established at Monterey
The Pacific mail steamer “California” arrived in Monterey on February 24, 1849. This exciting event brought the first mail to the first post office in California.
1849
カリフォルニアで初の郵便局がモントレーに設立される
1849
California State Constitutional Convention
Colton Hall serves as the site of the first California constitutional convention. Forty-eight delegates from ten districts in California debate for six weeks to create the state’s first constitution. This constitution was written in both Spanish and English.
1849
カリフォルニア州憲法制定会議
1849
First Public Library in California is Established at Monterey
1849
カリフォルニアで初の公立図書館がモントレーに設立される
1849
Colton Hall Completed
Walter Colton, Alcalde of Monterey, completes the construction of Colton Hall with the aid of taxes on rum, fines for gambling, and the labor of jailed offenders. It will be used as a public assembly hall and school.
1849
コルトン・ホール完成
1850
Statehood
California is admitted to the United States as the 31st state. The constitutional convention of 1849 designated San Jose as the first state capital.
1850
州昇格
The Great Seal of the State of California
カリフォルニア州の印章（Great Seal）
1850
City Government
On March 30, 1850, by special act of the State Legislature, it was proclaimed that “lands heretofore known and acknowledged as the Pueblo of Monterey shall henceforth be known as the City of Monterey.”
1850
市の政府
1770-1870
A City of Women
Monterey’s women of all nationalities gathered and while doing wash provided a medium of information through the “Wash Tub Mail” at Washer Women’s Gulch. It was Monterey’s women who kept the town’s businesses and commerce alive when most of the men left for the gold fields.
1770-1870
女性の都市
1851
Chinese Fisherman
Chinese immigrants arrived in Monterey and created the area’s first commercial fishing trade. By using techniques imported from Chin the innovative fishermen developed a dried-fish market which capitalized on the growing Chinese population in California and the exporting of dried-fish to China.
1851
中国人漁師
1854
Monterey Shore Whalers
Captain J.P. Davenport organized the fist shore whaling company which was followed in 1855 by seventeen Portugese (sic) fishermen who started the “Old Company.” Between 1854 and 1888, over 95,000 barrels of whale oil were produced from Monterey Bay whales.
1854
モントレー海岸捕鯨船
1859
City Lands Sold
David Jack’s acquired 30,000 acres of City of Monterey lands for $1,002.50 and became the most prosperous land baron in the city’s history. He was immortalized not with a statue but through Jack’s Peak, Jack’s Park and Monterey Jack Cheese.
1859
市の土地が売却される
1850-1880
Emporium of the Valleys
Between 1850-1880 Monterey was a commercial port and known as the “Emporium of the Salinas and Carmel Valleys.” In 1869, the Pacific Steamship Company completed a “good and substantial wharf.”
1850-1880
谷間（バレー）の商業中心地（エンポリウム）
1874
Monterey’s First Railroad
The Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad was constructed as a narrow-gauge railroad linking Monterey to the rest of California. For the first time, Monterey was easily reached by land bringing hope to Monterey’s new destiny.
1874
モントレーの初の鉄道
1874
Bohemian Monterey
World renowned artist Jules Tavernier established a studio in Monterey. A bohemian culture soon followed as Monterey became a favorite ocean-side retreat for artists and writers.
1874
ボヘミアン・モントレー
1875
Italian Fishermen
Italian Fishermen arrived in Monterey and joined the Chinese in harvesting fresh fish for shipment throughout California via the Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad. This new and important culture helped transform Monterey’s fresh-fish industry.
1875
イタリア人漁師
1879
Robert Louis Stevenson
In poor health, almost penniless and with his literary success still a few years away, Robert Louis Stevenson created a romantic view of Monterey and its surrounding area. His written and mental notes of the Monterey coastline were later used when he wrote “Treasure Island,” “Kidnapped” and “The Old Pacific Capital.”
1879
ロバート・ルイス・スティーブンソン
1880
Hotel Del Monte
Charles Crocker utilized the Southern Pacific Railroad Company’s construction arm, the Pacific Improvement Company, to rebuild Monterey’s rail service and to construct a grand hotel to exploit the beauty of Monterey Bay. The Hotel Del Monte galvanized Monterey into a world-class tourist destination. Today the former hotel and its grounds are part of the Naval Postgraduate School.
1880
ホテル・デルモンテ
(This plaque has been reordered. It is located near the Great Seal of the State of California)
The plaques recalling significant dates in Monterey’s history were installed to commemorate the Sesquicentennial of the California State Convention, held in Colton Hall between September 1, 1849 and October 13, 1849, when the constitution was signed.
City of Monterey
City Council
Colton Hall Museum and Cultural Arts Commission
Dedicated October 13, 1999
Erected 1999 by Colton Hall Museum and Cultural Arts Commission.
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